These channels are susceptible to activation and inhibition from many things outside the cell, often by multiple, unrelated triggers at once [2<\/a>]. Stimuli like light, touch, chemicals, temperatures, pH, and osmolarity activate these channels and then convert these signals into physiological and pathological responses.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n They contribute to several diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and neoplastic disorders, making them a target for diagnosis and therapy [3<\/a>,4<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n There are 28 cation permeable channels, and these are grouped into six subfamilies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)<\/strong> family, including isoforms TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, detect temperatures, thermal stimuli, and chemical agents (capsaicin, camphor, menthol, etc.) [5<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n TRPV1 is a target for pain and inflammation relief. Block it, and you\u2019ll block the pain from heat, cold, chemicals, and more. That\u2019s not always good to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)<\/strong> family helps regulate the migration and invasion of cells. They\u2019re seen in multiple physiological processes, such as neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, calcium signaling, kidney function, cardiovascular function, and immune response [6<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fun fact: there\u2019s an odd member in its group.<\/strong> There are seven isoforms, but only six are functional. In humans, TRPC2 is a pseudogene<\/a>, which is exactly what it sounds like: a gene, but not quite. It’s there, standing in the corner, watching the others fulfill their purpose \u2014 cue flashbacks to junior high dances<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n In other animals, it\u2019s found in tissues in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), testis, spleen, and liver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)<\/strong> family is the most mysterious out of them all. These channels seem to help with cellular proliferation, sensing temperature, vascular development, cancer progression, and neurological diseases [7<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n TRPM8 is found in neurons that sense pain and temperature and is activated by certain plant odorants like linalool and geraniol. Applying menthol and similar compounds cause TRPM8 currents<\/strong> [8<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n There\u2019s only one transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA)<\/strong> channel in humans: TRPA1. It used to be called ANKTM1 because it has many N-terminal ankyrin repeats<\/a> [9<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s associated with thermo and mechanosensations \u2014 a fancy way of saying they sense temperatures, touch, movement, sound, and pain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The most interesting thing about TRPA1 is that it\u2019s chemically activated by THC<\/strong> [10<\/a>]. Other things activate it, such as environmental irritants and \u201cpungent compounds\u201d like certain ingredients in wasabi, horseradish, mustard, garlic, cinnamon oil, and tear gas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The transient receptor potential polycystic (TRPP) group has a lot of physiological and pathophysiological processes, making it crucial to understand<\/strong> [11<\/a>]. TRPPs consist of integral membrane proteins that can cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n TRPP1 is involved in receptor signaling and cell adhesion but doesn\u2019t have the structure of typical TRP channels, so it was renamed Polycystin1 (PC1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Two members, PKD1L3 and PKD2L1, play a role in taste receptor cells [12<\/a>]. TRPP3 and TRPP5 are elusive, and, well, we don\u2019t really know what they do.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n The transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) group is the smallest with only three cation channels and is found in intracellular compartments instead of plasma membranes, like the others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n TRPML2 and three aren’t linked to any human diseases and are studied less because of it. <\/strong>However, TRPML1 is involved in membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and LEL (late endosomes and lysosomes) ion homeostasis. Mutations cause autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD). <\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s a target for delaying the neurodegeneration caused by some lysosome-related diseases [13<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n It seems some diseases are due to TRP channels that don\u2019t function properly<\/strong> [14<\/a>]. This makes sense since they\u2019re a crucial part of many biological processes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Here are a few areas TRPs influence:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Deficits in TRP channel genes are linked to several genetic disorders<\/strong> [5<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n TRPs are abundant in the brain, and their activation displays obvious effects in the central nervous system. However, TRPs are implicated in many diseases, especially hereditary<\/strong> [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is just the beginning of what research shows but gives you a good idea of the kind of impact they have.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cannabinoids are part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS); the other two parts are enzymes and receptors.<\/strong> The human body makes cannabinoids (called endo<\/em>cannabinoids), but Cannabis makes them, too (called phyto<\/em>cannabinoids). <\/p>\n\n\n\n These cannabinoids interact with the receptors. There are two kinds of these (maybe three, but we don\u2019t know for sure, so we\u2019ll stick with two) referred to as CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are mostly in the central nervous system (CNS), while CB2 receptors are primarily in the immune system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n These receptors play an important role in our overall health<\/strong> [15<\/a>]. Cannabinoids activate or inhibit these receptors, telling them to send signals and making the body respond accordingly.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n The endocannabinoid system pretty much balances everything, and these cannabinoids affect its role. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Just how much impact they have is still up in the air, but we do know some can relieve pain, improve mood, and make you feel out of this world (thanks, THC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n There are possibly more than <\/strong>100 different cannabinoids<\/strong><\/a> in Cannabis, and most aren’t psychoactive.<\/strong> Few studies were done on them until recently because they didn\u2019t seem to do anything. Now we see how faulty that assumption was and research them with a frenzy. The medicinal possibilities with these cannabinoids seem almost endless [16<\/a>,17<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n We don\u2019t have time to cover every cannabinoid, but here are the most popular. Remember, this is just the tip of the iceberg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Good old CBD (cannabidiol<\/a>). This one kind of kickstarted the movement and made cannabis products more mainstream and \u201cacceptable.\u201d Instead of a \u201cfringe of society\u201d thing, it became more of a \u201csoccer mom\u201d thing. (Note: We love all people, so don\u2019t get offended if you fall into either group. It is what it is.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n People of all kinds use it to relieve pain and stress, and even the FDA is on board with it as an anti-seizure med<\/strong> [18<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Delta 9 THC is the reason weed makes you high. It\u2019s also a large source of its medicinal properties<\/strong>, though we have to credit the other cannabinoids for having its back. The entourage effect<\/a> is a real thing, and they all play a role in how Cannabis makes you feel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n THC and CBD start as CBG \u2014 until things like time, temperature, and sunlight have their way with it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s similar to CBD, but it\u2019s actually energizing instead of calming<\/strong>. Oh, and good luck finding it. There are a few places that sell it, but it\u2019s nowhere near as popular as CBD \u2014 yet. Like anything else, be careful when buying it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n CBC can actually make up to more than half of the cannabinoid profile in Cannabis, but it’s not studied like THC or CBD. It pairs well with them, though, and might help improve acne, pain, and mood. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Other cannabinoids include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Know you know what TRP channels and cannabinoids are, but how do they affect each other?<\/p>\n\n\n\n While researchers studied TRPs for possible treatments, they discovered that cannabinoids could modulate TRP channels<\/strong> [19<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n So far, six channels from three subfamilies (TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8) seem to be affected by cannabinoid activity. Some researchers even call these channels \u201c<\/strong>ionotropic cannabinoid receptors<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n As with everything else concerning the ECS, research is too limited to know the actual implications of this information. Still, it\u2019s promising. <\/p>\n\n\n\n THC modulates TRPV2 the most, but it also affects TRPV3 and 4, TRPA1, and TRPM8. It doesn\u2019t seem to act on TRPV1 at all. <\/p>\n\n\n\n CBD\u2019s interaction with CB1 and CB2 remains somewhat of a mystery, though there are theories. We do<\/em> know it has a strong affinity for TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels but also modulates many others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n THCV gets around kind of like CBD. Both have a reputation for being potent modulators of many TRP channels, especially TRPV1. Scientists call them “promiscuous” if that gives you a better description [19<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n CBG interacts with sub-types of the TRPV channels and activates \u03b12-adrenoreceptors [20<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Selective \u03b12-adrenoceptor agonists are used to treat many disorders and have vast therapeutic potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n One study in 2010 looked at the impact cannabinoids have on various TRP channels to determine possible future treatments [21<\/a>].\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Here\u2019s what the researchers found:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n This information implies that cannabinoids show great possibilities \u2014 beyond what we thought.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The more researchers study them, the more interconnected cannabinoids and TRP channels seem to be. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Endocannabinoids (anandamide<\/em> or AEA and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol<\/em> or 2-AG) help regulate synaptic transmissions, but the connection between the ECS and TRPs goes beyond that. In fact, TRPs are lovingly referred to as \u201cionotropic cannabinoids receptors\u201d because of the role they play. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The evidence keeps piling up, further proving that several TRP subtypes are a huge part of the ECS, making them a target for pain relief and for future medications with multiple mechanisms of action<\/strong> [22<\/a>, 23<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n We know so little about the endocannabinoid system and how it works, but its connection with TRP channels seems promising. It only makes sense since the ECS and TRP channels play an obvious role in pain and other aspects of our health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n With more research, maybe we can tap into this magical duo and make tremendous progress in medicine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n TRP is the other target network for cannabinoids that nobody’s talking about. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[30,3425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTRP Subfamilies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. TRPV Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
2. TRPC Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
3. TRPM Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
4. TRPA Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
5. TRPP Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
6. TRPML Channels<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
TRP Channels & Disease<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Genetic Disorders<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Acquired Disease<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
What Are Cannabinoids?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Common Cannabinoids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
CBD (Cannabidiol)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/dailycbd.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/12\/cbd-molecule-1024x683.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nTHC (Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol)<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/dailycbd.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/12\/d9-thc-molecule-1-1024x683.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nCBG (Cannabigerol)<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/dailycbd.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/12\/cbg.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nCBC (Cannabichromene)<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/dailycbd.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/12\/cbc.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
What\u2019s the Connection Between TRP & Cannabinoids?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cannabinoid & TRP Research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. Studies on Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) & TRP Channels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
2. Studies on Cannabidiol (CBD) & TRP Channels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
3. Studies on Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) & TRP Channels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
4. Studies on Cannabigerol (CBG) & TRP Channels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
5. Study on Cannabinoids, TRPs, & Possible Treatments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
6. Studies on Other Connections Between TRPs & Cannabinoids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/dailycbd.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/12\/cbd-research-lab.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nConclusion: Are TRPs & Cannabinoids the Future?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nReferences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n